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A study on quality evaluation for bituminous mixture using X-ray CT

Satoshi TANIGUCHI, Keiichiro OGAWA, Jun OTANI, Itaru NISHIZAKI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 89-101 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0197-7

摘要： The objective of this paper is to propose a new quality evaluation method for asphalt concrete mixture using X-ray CT scanner. To achieve this aim, asphalt mixtures should be subjected to the X-ray CT scanning and its characteristics should be clarified. The approach employed in this study was as follows: 1) Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler and bitumen were prepared; 2) dense-graded, coarse-graded and porous asphalt mixtures were made; 3) materials and mixtures were subjected to the X-ray CT scanning; 4) frequency of CT-value, threshold value, average slice CT-value, average segment CT-value were computed. In the material examination, CT-value of aggregate becomes smaller in the order of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler and CT image of bitumen was nearly homogeneous. In the mixture examination, histograms of CT-value and four segmentation images made from CT images expressed the material and mixture characterization such as particle size and the difference in bitumen content and mixture type visibly and the bitumen content varies with the threshold values. In addition, the average segment CT-value without threshold value by dividing the fine aggregate from the coarse aggregate and average CT-value of the coarse aggregate, especially is highly correlated with average CT-value of the bitumen.

关键词： asphalt concrete mixture aggregate bitumen bitumen content quality evaluation X-ray CT

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Influence of morphology on high-temperature rheological properties of bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 806-819 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0731-y

摘要： Different microstructures of the same polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) were obtained by subjecting the bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer to isothermal annealing at various temperatures. The effects of the morphology on the rheological properties of SBS-modified bitumen were investigated within the high-temperature range. The PMB microstructures were quantitatively evaluated using image analysis. A dynamic shear rheometer was used to measure the rheological parameters of the PMB samples and perform the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test. A quantitative basis could be established on which to discuss the relationship between the PMB morphology and rheology. The image analysis indicated that conditioning by isothermal annealing evidently led to a difference in the microstructure of the samples. Variation of the thermal history is demonstrated to be a practical way to vary the morphology of the PMB with the same raw materials and formulation. Compared with the two-phase morphology, the single-phase microstructure tended to have a narrower linear viscoelastic (LVE) region of the PMB. Within the LVE region, especially at low frequencies, the homogenous PMB can store more energy when experiencing loadings and is more elastic. Outside the LVE region, based on the MSCR test results, the homogenous morphology could assist in reaching a higher percentage of strain recovery after the creep period.

关键词： polymer bitumen microstructure rheology viscoelasticity

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Molecular regulation and genetic improvement of seed oil content in

Wei HUA,Jing LIU,Hanzhong WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 186-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016107

摘要： As an important oil crop and a potential bioenergy crop, L. is becoming a model plant for basic research on seed lipid biosynthesis as well as seed oil content, which has always been the key breeding objective. In this review, we present current progress in understanding of the regulation of oil content in , including genetics, biosynthesis pathway, transcriptional regulation, maternal effects and QTL analysis. Furthermore, the history of breeding for high oil content in is summarized and the progress in breeding ultra-high oil content lines is described. Finally, prospects for breeding high oil content cultivars are outlined.

关键词： breeding maternal effects oilseed rape QTL

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Preparation, with graphene, of novel biomimetic self-healing microcapsules with high thermal stability and conductivity

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1188-1198 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0027-5

摘要： This paper reports a comparative study of microcapsules with enhanced thermal stability and electrical conductivity inspired by the bionic thermal insulation of birds’ feathers for self-healing aged asphalt. The work is based on an in situ polymerization with composite shell components of graphene and hexamethoxymethylmelamine resin. By using graphene, microcapsules with rough surfaces are achieved, improving the interface between microcapsules and asphalt. In addition, the microcapsules’ initial thermal decomposition temperature is appropriately high, so that the stability of the microcapsule in the asphalt highway system is protected. The proportion of graphene in the microcapsule shell can regulate the microcapsule’s heat resistance because graphene modifies the shell’s structural makeup. Additionally, the microcapsules’ electrical conductivity is relatively high. The self-healing capability of bitumen sharply increases, providing benefit to the effect of microcapsules on the properties of aged asphalt.

关键词： graphene microcapsule bitumen heat insulation conductivity

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Comparison of analytical procedures for measuring phosphorus content of animal manures in China

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《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 431-440 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019279

摘要：

The concentration and components of manure phosphorus (P) are key factors determining potential P bioavailability and runoff. The distribution of P forms in swine, poultry and cattle manures collected from intensive and extensive production systems in several areas of China was investigated with sequential fractionation and a simplified two-step (NaHCO -NaOH/EDTA) procedures. The mean total P concentration, determined by the sequential fractionation procedure of intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure, expressed as g·kg , was 14.9, 13.4 and 5.8 g·kg , respectively, and 4.4 g·kg in extensive cattle manure. In intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure about 73%, 74% and 79% of total P, respectively, was bioavailable (i.e., P extracted by H O and NaHCO ) and 78% in extensive cattle manure. The results indicated the relative environmental risk, from high to low, of swine, poultry and cattle manure. There is considerable regional variation in animal manure P across China, which needs to be considered when developing manure management strategies.

关键词： diet phosphorus manure phosphorus sequential P fractionation

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Investigation of effects of Cocamide Diethanolamide chemical on physical and rheological properties of bituminous binder

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 99-116 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0799-4

摘要： In this study, bituminous binder was modified with Cocamide Diethanolamide chemical, a non-ionic surfactant, and the physical and rheological properties of modified binders were investigated. In addition, Cocamide Diethanolamide has been used for the first time to modify bituminous binder, and this situation makes the study distinctive. Bituminous binder was modified more than once with the chemical by changing modification parameters and using certain additive ratios (1%, 3%, and 5%). The effects of different modification parameters and chemical additive on modified samples were investigated with conventional bitumen tests (softening point, penetration, ductility) and Superpave tests (rotational viscometer, rolling thin film oven test, pressure aging vessel, dynamic shear rheometer, bending beam rheometer). In addition, the structural characteristics of the reference binder and modified samples were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The examinations showed that Cocamide Diethanolamide softens bituminous binder and lowers processing temperatures. In addition, compared to reference binder, rutting resistances of modified bituminous binders decreased with the increase of additive ratio. However, modification with Cocamide Diethanolamide increased the resistance to fatigue cracks and thermal cracks.

关键词： Cocamide Diethanolamide bitumen modification rheology Superpave tests

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Chloride binding and time-dependent surface chloride content models for fly ash concrete

S. MUTHULINGAM,B. N. RAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 112-120 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0322-x

摘要： Corrosion of embedded rebars is a classical deterioration mechanism of reinforced concrete structures exposed to chloride environments. Such environments can be attributed to the presence of seawater, deicing or sea-salts, which have high concentrations of chloride ion. Chloride ingress into concrete, essential for inducing rebar corrosion, is a complex interaction between many physical and chemical processes. The current study proposes two chloride ingress parameter models for fly ash concrete, namely: 1) surface chloride content under tidal exposure condition; and 2) chloride binding. First, inconsistencies in surface chloride content and chloride binding models reported in literature, due to them not being in line with past research studies, are pointed out. Secondly, to avoid such inconsistencies, surface chloride content and chloride binding models for fly ash concrete are proposed based upon the experimental work done by other researchers. It is observed that, proposed models are simple, consistent and in line with past research studies reported in literature.

关键词： binding isotherms chloride ingress concrete fly ash surface chloride content

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Microbial fuel cell with high content solid wastes as substrates: a review

Qingliang Zhao,Hang Yu,Weixian Zhang,Felix Tetteh Kabutey,Junqiu Jiang,Yunshu Zhang,Kun Wang,Jing Ding

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0918-6

摘要： Fundamentals and configuration design of MFCs fueled by HCSW were reviewed. HCSWs including sewage sludge, biomass and biowaste treated in MFCs were summarized. HCSW based MFCs technologies covered the types of sediment, soil, wetland and plant. Activated sludge process and composting could be coupled with HCSW-MFCs. HCSW-MFCs could be applied in bioremediation and biosensing. With the increasing concern about the serious global energy crisis and high energy consumption during high content solid wastes (HCSWs) treatment, microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been recognized as a promising resource utilization approach for HCSW stabilization with simultaneous electrical energy recovery. In contrast to the conventional HCSW stabilization processes, MFC has its unique advantages such as direct bio-energy conversion in a single step and mild reaction conditions (viz., ambient temperature, normal pressure, and neutral pH). This review mainly introduces some important aspects of electricity generation from HCSW and its stabilization in MFC, focusing on: (1) MFCs with different fundamentals and configurations designed and constructed to produce electricity from HCSW; (2) performance of wastes degradation and electricity generation; (3) prospect and deficiency posed by MFCs with HCSW as substrates. To date, the major drawback of MFCs fueled by HCSW is the lower power output than those using simple substrates. HCSW hydrolysis and decomposition would be a major tool to improve the performance of MFCs. The optimization of parameters is needed to push the progress of MFCs with HCSW as fuel.

关键词： Microbial fuel cell High content solid wastes Substrate Bioremediation Biosensor

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国土资源信息化：从内容管理到知识管理

郭仁忠

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第10期页码 67-71

摘要：

首先回顾了国土资源信息化的发展进程，综合评述了相关阶段的特征，然后，在分析国土资源信息化应用特点的基础上，阐述了知识管理与国土资源信息化的关系，指出知识管理是国土资源信息化新的发展阶段和发展方向，最后，初步规划了国土资源知识工程建设的主要任务。

关键词：国土资源信息化内容管理知识管理

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Lignin-based polymer with high phenolic hydroxyl group content prepared by the alkyl chain bridging method

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期页码 1075-1084 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2272-x

摘要： Inspired by the importance of the phenolic group to the electron transporting property of hole transport materials, phenolic hydroxyl groups were introduced in lignosulfonate (LS) via the alkyl chain bridging method to prepare phenolated-lignosulfonate (PLS). The results showed that the phenolic group was boosted from 0.81 mmol∙g^–1 of LS to 1.19 mmol∙g^–1 of PLS. The electrochemical property results showed two oxidation peaks in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) curve of PLS, and the oxidation potential of the PLS-modified electrode decreased by 0.5 eV compared with that of LS. This result indicates that PLS is more easily oxidized than LS. Based on the excellent electron transporting property of PLS, PLS was applied as a dopant in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT, called PEDOT:PLSs). PLS showed excellent dispersion properties for PEDOT. Moreover, the transmittance measurement results showed that the transmittance of PEDOT:PLSs exceeded 85% in the range of 300–800 nm. The CV results showed that the energy levels of PEDOT:PLSs could be flexibly adjusted by PLS amounts. The results indicate that the phenolic hydroxyl group of lignin can be easily boosted by the alkyl chain bridging method, and phenolated lignin-based polymers may have promising potential as dopants of PEDOT to produce hole transporting materials for different organic photovoltaic devices.

关键词： lignosulfonate phenolic group PEDOT:PLS hole extract layer energy level

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Effect of natural pozzolan content on the properties of engineered cementitious composites as repair

Said CHOUCHA, Amar BENYAHIA, Mohamed GHRICI, Mohamed Said MANSOUR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 261-269 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0394-x

摘要：

In order to determine the effect of Natural Pozzolan (NP) content on the mechanical properties and durability characteristics on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) as repair material. This study focused on the evaluation of the most factors influencing compatibility between the repair material and the base concrete including mechanicals properties such as, compressive and flexural strengths, elastic modulus, capillary absorption and drying shrinkage. The experimental results showed that natural pozzolan reduces the compressive strength and the flexural strength of ECC at all ages. The elastic modulus of ECC was remarkably lower than that of normal-strength concrete. This lower Young’s modulus is desirable for repair concrete, because it prevents the stresses induced by restrained shrinkage. In addition, the incorporation of high-volume natural pozzolan decreases significantly the coefficient of capillary absorption at long term and increases the drying shrinkage. Generally, based on the results obtained in the present experimental investigation, ECC can be used effectively as an overlay material over existing parent concrete.

关键词： natural pozzolan engineered cementitious composites mechanical strengths elastic modulus capillary absorption drying shrinkage

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智能多媒体内容设计在阿里巴巴的应用 Special Feature on Intelligent Design

Kui-long LIU, Wei LI, Chang-yuan YANG, Guang YANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第12期页码 1657-1664 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900580

摘要：多媒体内容是阿里巴巴业务生态中必不可少的组成部分，且需求量巨大。多媒体内容生产通常具有较高技术及资金要求。随着人工智能技术近年飞速发展，众多辅助多媒体内容生产的工具应运而生，人工智能技术与多媒体内容设计的结合在阿里巴巴业务生态中的应用愈加广泛，涉及领域包括辅助设计、平面设计、视频生成和页面制造。本文首先介绍了在阿里巴巴业务生态中人工智能辅助设计工具的通用处理流程，然后在上述4个应用领域分别选择一个代表性工具着重介绍。通过这些工具的使用，多媒体内容设计结合人工智能带来的价值在业务中得到很好验证，体现了人工智能技术在促进多媒体内容生产中起到的巨大作用，也预示了其广泛应用前景。

关键词：多媒体内容；阿里巴巴；人工智能；设计；业务应用

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内容与地址双驱动网络研究

杨鹏,刘旋,李幼平

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第4期页码 22-31 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.003

摘要： :#252424;">次结构content>content style="color:#252424;">（内容驱动播存网络）content>content> content style="color:#252424;">单向辐射传输contentcontent> content style="color:#252424;">一对一content"color:#252424;">以地址为中心content>content style="color:#252424;">（主机溯源）contentcontent>content style="color:#252424;">（内容甄别）content>

关键词：地址驱动以内容为中心互联网体系结构双驱动网络统一内容标签

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基于人工智能的内容安全发展战略研究

朱世强,王永恒

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 67-74 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.004

摘要：

内容安全是指对信息内容的保护，以及信息内容符合政治、法律、道德层次的要求。人工智能的发展对内容安全产生了非常重要的影响。本文从基于人工智能的内容安全重大战略需求出发，梳理了国内外的研究现状与发展趋势，凝练了基于人工智能的内容安全的关键技术问题。研究提出，按照三步走的策略构建世界领先的基于人工智能的内容安全体系；在对抗性机器学习、可解释人工智能、混合增强智能、知识驱动的内容安全等方面开展技术创新突破，同时应注重政策法规和监管机制建设；建设面向内容攻防的网络靶场、面向舆情攻防的大规模社会系统模拟装置等内容安全重大基础设施。

关键词：人工智能，内容安全，体系建设

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Effect of Fe content on FeMn catalysts for light alkenes synthesis

ZHOU Jun, CHU Wei, ZHANG Hui, XU Huiyuan, ZHANG Tao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 315-318 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0050-z

摘要： The effect of Fe content on FeMn/MgO catalysts for light alkenes synthesis through CO hydrogenation was investigated. Catalysts were prepared by a conventional co-impregnation method, characterized using BET, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Temperature-programmed reduction (H-TPR) techniques. High activity was obtained over the catalyst with 9 wt-% Fe content, over which CO conversion and the selectivity of C–C reached 91.36% and 58.48%, respectively. With the increase of Fe content, both the conversion and the selectivity were improved within a certain range and then decreased. The results show that the surface area of the catalyst played an important role in the catalytic reaction. With the increase of Fe loading, the interaction action between Fe and Mn was enhanced and FeMn solid solution was formed.

关键词： conventional co-impregnation increase conversion loading H-TPR